Amurka (Amurka), wanda aka fi sani da Amurka (Amurka ko Amurka) ko Amurka, ƙasa ce da ta ƙunshi jihohi 50, gundumar tarayya, manyan yankuna guda biyar masu cin gashin kansu, da mallaka daban-daban. Mai nisan mil miliyan 3.8 (mil miliyan 9.8), ita ce kasa ta uku-ta-hudu a duniya baki daya. Yawancin ƙasar suna cikin tsakiyar Arewacin Amurka tsakanin Kanada da Mexico. Tare da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a sama da miliyan 328, Amurka ita ce ƙasa ta uku a yawan jama'a a duniya (bayan China da Indiya). Babban birnin shine Washington, DC, kuma birni mafi yawan jama'a shine New York City. Paleo-Indiya sunyi ƙaura daga Siberiya zuwa yankin Arewacin Amurka aƙalla shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Turawan mulkin mallaka na Turai sun fara a karni na 16. Emergedasar ta fito daga cikin mulkin mallakar Birtaniyya goma sha uku da aka kafa a gabashin Gabar. Yawancin rikice-rikice tsakanin Biritaniya da turawan mulkin mallaka ya haifar da yakin Tawayen Amurka wanda ya kasance tsakanin 1775 zuwa 1783, wanda ya kai ga samun 'yanci {Asar Amirka ta haura wani fa] in ci gaban Yankin Arewacin Amurka, a cikin {arni na 19, - sannu a hankali, samun sababbin yankuna, kauracewa 'Yan asalin Amurka, da kuma amincewa da sababbin jihohi - har zuwa 1848 lokacin da ta mamaye nahiyar. A tsakiyar rabin karni na 19, yakin basasa na Amurka ya haifar da kauracewar bayi a Amurka. Yaƙin Spain da Amurka da Yakin Duniya na ɗaya sun tabbatar da matsayin ƙasar a matsayin ikon sojojin duniya. Amurka ta fito daga Yaƙin Duniya na II a matsayin mai ƙarfi na duniya. Ita ce kasar farko da ta fara kera makaman kare dangi kuma ita kadai ce kasar da ta yi amfani da su wajen yaƙe-yaƙe. A lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki, Amurka da Tarayyar Soviet sun yi gasa a sararin samaniya, wanda suka ƙaddamar da aikin Apollo 11 na 1969, sararin samaniya wanda ya fara jigilar mutane a duniyar wata. Thearshen Yaƙin Cold Cold da rushewar Soviet Union a 1991 ya bar Amurka a matsayin ikon cin gajiyar duniya. Amurka ita ce jamhuriyya ta tarayya da wakilcin dimokiradiyya. Kasancewar memba ce ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bankin Duniya, Asusun bada Lamuni na Duniya, Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka (OAS), NATO, da sauran kungiyoyi na duniya. Memba ce ta dindindin a Kwamitin Tsaron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Aasa ce da take da haɓaka, Amurka ita ce mafi girman tattalin arziƙin duniya ta hanyar lambar GDP, na biyu mafi girma ta hanyar sayen ikon iko, kuma yana da kusan kwata na GDP na duniya. Amurka ita ce kan gaba mafi girma a duniya da kuma fitarwa ta biyu mafi girma ta kayayyaki, ta darajar. Duk da cewa yawanta ya kai 4% na duniya baki daya, tana da kashi 29.4% na dukiyar da ke duniya, mafi girman dukiyar duniya tana mai da hankali a cikin ƙasa guda. Duk da bambance bambancen kudin shiga da na arziki, Amurka tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai girma a matakai na ayyukan ci gaban tattalin arziki, gami da albashi mai tsada, matsakaiciyar tsaka-tsaki, dukiyar mediya, ci gaban bil'adama, a cikin GDP mafi girma, da kuma yawan ma'aikata. Ita ce mafi karfin iko a duniya, tana da sama da kashi uku na kashe kudaden sojojin duniya, kuma babbar jagora ce ta siyasa, al'adu, da kimiyya a duniya.Hoto ne kimiyya, fasaha, aikace-aikace da kuma aiki na kirkirar hotuna masu dorewa ta hanyar rikodin haske ko wani hasken lantarki, ko dai ta hanyar na'urar firikwensin hoto, ko ta Chemically ta wani abu mai daukar hankali kamar fim. Yawanci, ana amfani da ruwan tabarau don wayar da kai game da hasken da aka nuna ko fitar da su daga abubuwa zuwa hoto na ainihi a farfajiya mai ɗauke da haske a cikin kyamara yayin bayyanan lokacin. Tare da firikwensin hoto na lantarki, wannan yana haifar da cajin lantarki a kowane pixel, wanda aka sarrafa ta hanyar lantarki kuma aka adana shi a fayil ɗin dijital don nuni ko aiki na gaba. Sakamakon tare da emulsion na hoto hoto ne wanda ba za'a iya gani ba, wanda daga baya yana "haɓaka" a cikin hoton da ake gani, ko dai mara kyau ko tabbatuwa dangane da dalilin kayan kayan hoto da hanyar sarrafawa. Ana amfani da hoto mara kyau akan fim don hoto don ƙirƙirar hoto mai kyau akan ginin takarda, wanda aka sani da ɗab'i, ko dai ta amfani da mai faɗaɗawa ko ta hanyar buga lamba. Ana amfani da daukar hoto a fannoni da yawa na kimiyya, masana'antu (misali, photolithography), da kasuwanci, har ma da ƙarin amfani da shi kai tsaye don zane, fim da samar da bidiyo, dalilai na nishaɗi, abubuwan sha'awa, da kuma sadarwa mai yawa.Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/
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